Grande won the best pop vocal album trophy for "Sweetener," beating Taylor Swift, Kelly Clarkson, Pink, Shawn Mendes and Camila Cabello. Grande was not in attendance at the pre-telecast ceremony.
"I know I'm not there tonight," she tweeted. "Trust, I tried and still truly wished it had worked."
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She called the win "wild and beautiful" and thanked her fans for "being my main source of joy and inspiration always."
She also took to Instagram to share a childhood photo that had been edited to make it look like a young Grande was holding a Grammy statuette.
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The superstar accused Grammy producer Ken Ehrlich of lying about discussions with Grande about performing at Sunday's ceremony. Ehrlich told The Associated Press on Thursday that Grande had told producers that she said she didn't have adequate time to prepare.
Grande blasted the comments in a social media post, saying she could have prepared a performance overnight.
Click here for a full list of Grammy Award winners.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.