If it passes, key programs like SNAP and WIC could be restored, flight restrictions could be lifted, and hundreds of thousands of federal employees could finally start getting paid again.
Among those watching the vote closely are air traffic controllers, including those working at Raleigh-Durham International Airport.
"Controllers have a stressful job. They have a demanding job," said Dan McCabe, who runs the National Air Traffic Controllers Association chapter representing airports across North Carolina.
McCabe has 20 years of experience as an air traffic controller, he said the shutdown adds additional stress to controllers who already have a lot on their plate.
"You got to be 100%, 100% of the time," he said. "There's no pause button. You can't just start over, and that puts a lot of pressure on you."
Controllers have continued showing up to work despite not receiving a paycheck in more than a month. McCabe said the financial strain has been taking a toll.
"They've been coming to work, doing the job at a high level," he said. "Now we're forcing them to think about what if I can't afford childcare anymore?"
Last week, the FAA announced a 10% reduction in flights at 40 major airports to maintain safety. McCabe said he supports the decision - especially as travel ramps up ahead of the holidays.
"You can't say, oh, well, we want today to be more efficient because it's the day before Thanksgiving, so we'll let safety slide a little, but you can't do that" he said. "The only thing you can adjust is the efficiency of the system."
If the shutdown ends tonight, McCabe believes there's still time for the travel industry to bounce back before the holiday rush.
"There's light at the end of the tunnel," he said. "I think some people are fearful it's a train, but we'll see."
The shutdown has impacted far more than air travel. Roughly 670,000 federal workers have been furloughed nationwide, and about 42 million low-income Americans who rely on SNAP benefits for groceries have faced uncertainty about the funding.
Votes on the bill are expected to wrap up sometime Wednesday night. If it passes, the measure will head to President Trump's desk and he's indicated he plans to sign it.